Dry rot of potato some examples of the necrotic symptom rots dry root rot of lentildry rot of ginger dry rot 45. India is hoping to blend ethanol at least up to 10% in the near future. India being the largest consumer as well as the second largest producer of sugar, so, it requires sugarcane production on large scale. Pacific pests and pathogens fact sheets sugarcane red rot 221. Sugarcane farmers in uttar pradesh are already struggling with the pending cane arrears, and now threatening disease red rot is also adding to their woes.
Red rot of sugarcane is hard to control because the stalk from which seeds are prepared has been largely affected from the time of planting, and fungicides cannot reach the infected tissues inside a diseased seed sett. Red rot of sugarcane caused by colletotrichum falcatum went is one of the devastating diseases of. Foliar fungicides have not been effective in the control of red rot. I was published by elsevier under the auspices of the international society of sugar cane technologists in 1961.
Reddening of ground tissue with characteristic white spots as red rot are absent in case of wilt. Sugarcane genotypes obtained from shakarganj sugarcane research institute ssri, jhang, pakistan, and their serial numbers, genitors, and response to red rot disease. Except maharashtra, the disease has been recorded in all the states. Due to its devasting effect, scientists also call red rot as cancer of sugarcane. Many biotic and abiotic factors limit the sugarcane production. Red rot attacks sugarcane crop in uttar pradesh chinimandi. Of the seedrotting diseases, red rot is one of the most serious. The disease first appears as red bright lesions on mid rib of leaves and shows itself as drooping and changing of colour of upper leaves. First described in java in 1893, it has since been identified in all countries where sugarcane is important. It is needless to say that red rot epidemic of 193839, along with brown spot epidemic of rice in 194243 augured the development of plant pathology as a subject in the curriculum of indian universities. The pure culture of wilt and root rot causing pathogenfusarium moniliforme. Top most important plant pathology question answers bank are useful for general agriculture for icar and other jrf, srf, ars, ph.
The lesions may eventually develop a straw color in the center. Evaluation and heritability of resistance to sugarcane red rot. Antifungal activity of chitinase ii against colletotrichum. However, better crop stands have been achieved from enhanced germination obtained by treating seed pieces with a fungicide before. In an epidemic form, it causes heavy reduction in stands and even threatens to wipe out the entire crop in the field. Rapid diagnosis of sugarcane red rot by dotimmunobinding. An extensive volume of sugarcane diseases and their world distribution vol. Colletotrichum falcatum is an important pathogen of sugarcane causing red rot disease. Since then it has been found to cause epiphytotics in different countries.
Colletotrichum falcatum went, glomerella cingulata red rot disease on sugarcane red rot is one of the major constraints in the profitable cultivation of sugarcane in many states of india. Red rot, attacks the stalks, stubble rhizomes, and leaf midribs of the sugarcane plant. It was brought to louisiana in 1751, and, together with the otaheite introduced in 1797, remained a commercial variety until after 1825, when both were gradually replaced by the. But diseases are the major concern for the sugarcane, responsible for its low yield. Red rot severely affects the quantity and quality of the cane, with about a 29% reduction in cane weight and 30% less sugar recovery hussnain and afghan, 2006. Abstract sugarcane is an important cash crop and used as the chief source of sugar grown. Plant pathology, sugarcane pathology d training advance. A fresh specimen was therefore collected and isolated from the location as stated in the. Therefore, in the present study, characterization of red rot disease was performed among 55 different sugarcane cultivars varying in red rot. Sugarcane somaclones regenerated though leaf callus cultures of variety cos 91279 showed wide variations for red rot resistance against four isolates ofcolletotrichum falcatum went. Signs, symptoms and effects of plant diseases plant diseases a plant disease is any abnormal condition that alters the appearance or function of a plant. Physiological traits associated with drought tolerance are useful as surrogate traits for drought tolerance. Pythium root rot of sugarcane 3 finally replaced by less delicate sorts.
Red rot resistant gene characterization using rgap markers. Butler1906 published a detailed account of this disease from pusa, bihar and gave it the name red rot. The cancer of sugarcane ruchika sharma and sushma tamta department of biotechnology, plant tissue culture and molecular biology laboratory, bhimtal campus, kumaun. Sugarcane is the major source of sugar in asia and europe, grown primarily in the tropical and subtropical zones of the world. Pdf the waterdeficit stress and redrotrelated genes. Ppt sugarcane diseases powerpoint presentation free to. Among all the diseases, fungal disease named red rot of sugarcane is the. Red rot is usually considered as a stalk and a seedpiece disease. Developed the parafilm method of inoculation for red rot. Wilt and root rot diseases of sugarcane are major threat to.
Red stripetop rot disease red stripetop rot disease once considered as a minor disease of sugarcane is gaining importance as a major disease due to considerable changes in the climatic factors. Information on the association of root traits and water use efficiency wue and plant growth in sugarcane is rather limited. Red rot is the most common disease of sugarcane, caused by the fungus colletotrichum falcatum went. Presence of red rot of sugarcane and its prevalence on affected areas. The red rot disease attacks the standing sugarcane crop and thus causes enormous losses. M journal of sharma and tamta, plant pathol microbiol 215. It may lllyade leafblade and leafsheath tissues and is capable of infecting su. Red rot can infect mature stalks of sugarcane, leaf mid ribs and cause rot of planting material which results in substantial losses in crop abstract sugarcane is an important agro industrial crop of the world.
Variations for red rot resistance in somaclones of sugarcane. Plug method of pathogen inoculation is the most common method used for red rot screening in sugarcane and here, severity score is being assigned based on the red rot symptoms inside the canes. Red rot is frequently not discernible from external exnmination of. Shukla bhargava agricultural laboratory, department of botany, faculty of science, university of allahabad, allahabad211002, uttar pradesh, india. In the present study, sucrose accumulating stalk parenchyma cells of red rot susceptible sugarcane showed occurrence of fungal hyphae and loss of sucrose. The present volume was intended to be a new edition of the book, but so many changes were required that a. However, the diseases can be managed by adopting integrated red rot management practices. Due to enzymatic action of the pathogen, there is conversion of sucrose in the cane juice into glucose and alcohol. Among the biotic factors fungal diseases are major constraints in reducing the yield of sugarcane. Gulbarga university, gulbarga 585106, india received 19 september 2001. Red rot is often referred as cancer of sugarcane and no effective method for its control is available yet. Soft rot diseases are caused by pathogens that secrete enzymes capable of decomposing cell wall structure. Complex polyploidy and lack of information on inheritance to red rot in sugarcane make breeding for red rot resistance more difficult.
Red rot prior to 1893 25 mention of red rot in buddhist literature 25 the sereh in java and search for new resistance source 27 red rot epidemic in godavari delta and its impact 28 establishment of sugarcan breeding institute, the mecca of sugarcane breeding in india 28 butler and red rot 31 chapter 5. Further wilt affected cane would show pithiness with boat shaped cavities with reddish brown discolouration. Disease cycle the fungus is settborne and also persists in the soil on the diseased clumps and stubbles as chlamydospores and dormant mycelium. Therefore careful selection of red rotfree seed setts is recommended for planting. Causes of plant diseases plant diseases are caused by both infectious fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes and non infectious agents mineral deficiency, sun burns etc. Typical internal stalk symptoms of the red rot of sugarcane on a very susceptible. Management of wilt and root rot disease of sugarcane in. Cultivation of resistant varieties like co 89003, co 98014, co 0118, co 0238, co 0239, co 0124, etc will contain the. Mosaic, which causes mottling or spotting of foliage and sometimes curling, dwarfing, and narrowing of the leaves, is due to infection by any of several viruses. A second widely distributed seed rotting disease is caused by ceratosto mella paradoxa. Red rot of sugarcane with diagram biology discussion. It may invade leafblade and leafsheath tissues and is capable of infecting sugarcane roots but it is not important as a disease of these organs. Internal symptoms of red rot, glomerella tucumanensis, in a sugarcane stem. India abstract ssugarcane is an important source of income and employment for the farming community of.
Pdf effects of drought and recovery from drought stress. Plant pathology question answers bank for competitive exams. Red rot caused by colletotrichum falcatum went is a serious stalk disease affecting production and productivity in sugarcane. Red rot resistant gene characterization using rgap. Dacelisa technique for early detection of red rot pathogen in sugarcane var. The waterdeficit stress and red rot related genes in sugarcane. An assignment on idm model of red rot of sugercane course no p. Breeding for disease resistance in red rot some reminiscence. Induced systemic resistance by fluorescent pseudomonas against red rot disease of sugarcane caused by colletotrichum falcatum went. The small spots on the leaf blade are probably white rash. Red rot is the key menace of sugarcane in india, and the onus of its containment also squarely rests on the indians. Water logged conditions and injuries caused by insects.
Root rot of beans some examples of the necrotic symptom red rot of sugarcane rots root and stem rot 44. Distribution of sugarcane diseases in the philippines fe m. Red rot attacks the stalks, stubble rhizomes, and leaf midribs of the sugarcane plant. Colletot richum falcatum glomerella tucumanensis hosts. Dna extraction total genomic dna was isolated from fresh leaf samples by the ctab method doyle and doyle, 1990. The type specimen of this species could not be located in any herbaria. Red rot, caused by colletotrichum falcatum, is one of the major diseases of sugarcane in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypic variation for root traits, wue and growth characters of above ground parts of sugarcane.
Profile of scientist indian institute of sugarcane research. Specific detection of colletotrichum falcatum went causing red rot disease in sugarcane by serological techniques. Therefore, in the present study, characterization of red rot disease. Coc 671 lingayya hiremath and g r naik department of biotechnology. Hence screening for red rot resistance became an integral part of varietal development in the country. Red rot of sugarcane caused by colletotrichum falcatum went is one of the devastating diseases of sugarcane causing significant loss to sugarcane production in india and other asian countries. Causal agent red rot disease is caused by the fungus glomerella tucumanensis. Pdf neotypification of colletotrichum falcatum, the. Whether sugarcane is infected by both red rot and wilt same time. The surest symptom of the disease is the reddening of the internal internodal tissues. This is one of the most severe of the known diseases of sugarcane.
Data mainly from gilmores sugar manual of louisiana. Pacific pests and pathogens mini fact sheet edition sugarcane red. Sereh, a blackening and degeneration of the fanlike tops, is caused by an east indian virus. Biological control of red rot of sugarcane disease by. Sugarcane red rot disease 3 prompt harvesting of infected or susceptible crops are other management practices recommended for red rot control. It rivals mosaic in its nearly universal distri bution in the sugarcane world. Rapid diagnosis of sugarcane red rot by dotimmunobinding assay diba technique lingayya hiremath and g r naik department of biotechnology, gulbarga university, gulbarga 585 106, india received 26 may 2003.
How to differentiate the stalk symptoms with red rot. Red rot, glomerella tucumanensis, showing symptoms of the fungus in the midrib of a sugarcane leaf. Relationship between climatic factors and initiation of red rot infection in sugarcane. Red rot was previously known to be caused by colletotrichumfalcatum, however a recent study by dela cueva et al. Soma 16, 27 and 37 were found moderately resistant by plug method of inoculation. The cells of resistant transgenic plants were intact with no sucrose loss.
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